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# Variable scopes

You have the choice to assign variables to the scope of the main Smarty
object, data objects created with [`createData()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-data.md),
and template objects created with
[`createTemplate()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-template.md). These objects can be
chained. A template sees all the variables of its own object and all
variables assigned to the objects in its chain of parent objects.

By default, templates which are rendered by
[`$smarty->display(...)`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-display.md) or
[`$smarty->fetch(...)`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md) calls are automatically linked to
the Smarty object variable scope.

By assigning variables to individual data or template objects you have
full control which variables can be seen by a template.

```php
<?php
// assign variable to Smarty object scope
$smarty->assign('foo','smarty');

// assign variables to data object scope
$data = $smarty->createData();
$data->assign('foo','data');
$data->assign('bar','bar-data');

// assign variables to other data object scope
$data2 = $smarty->createData($data);
$data2->assign('bar','bar-data2');

// assign variable to template object scope
$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl');
$tpl->assign('bar','bar-template');

// assign variable to template object scope with link to Smarty object
$tpl2 = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl',$smarty);
$tpl2->assign('bar','bar-template2');

// This display() does see $foo='smarty' from the $smarty object
$smarty->display('index.tpl');

// This display() does see $foo='data' and $bar='bar-data' from the data object $data
$smarty->display('index.tpl',$data);

// This display() does see $foo='data' from the data object $data 
// and $bar='bar-data2' from the data object $data2
$smarty->display('index.tpl',$data2);

// This display() does see $bar='bar-template' from the template object $tpl
$tpl->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl);

// This display() does see $bar='bar-template2' from the template object $tpl2
// and $foo='smarty' form the Smarty object $foo
$tpl2->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl2);
```

See also [`assign()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md), 
[`createData()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-data.md)
and [`createTemplate()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-template.md).