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<?php
/**
 * CodeIgniter
 *
 * An open source application development framework for PHP
 *
 * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * @package     CodeIgniter
 * @author      EllisLab Dev Team
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
 * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
 * @license     https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT     MIT License
 * @link        https://codeigniter.com
 * @since       Version 1.0.0
 * @filesource
 */
defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');

/**
 * CodeIgniter Email Class
 *
 * Permits email to be sent using Mail, Sendmail, or SMTP.
 *
 * @package             CodeIgniter
 * @subpackage  Libraries
 * @category    Libraries
 * @author              EllisLab Dev Team
 * @link                https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/email.html
 */
class CI_Email {

        /**
         * Used as the User-Agent and X-Mailer headers' value.
         *
         * @var string
         */
        public $useragent       = 'CodeIgniter';

        /**
         * Path to the Sendmail binary.
         *
         * @var string
         */
        public $mailpath        = '/usr/sbin/sendmail'; // Sendmail path

        /**
         * Which method to use for sending e-mails.
         *
         * @var string  'mail', 'sendmail' or 'smtp'
         */
        public $protocol        = 'mail';               // mail/sendmail/smtp

        /**
         * STMP Server host
         *
         * @var string
         */
        public $smtp_host       = '';

        /**
         * SMTP Username
         *
         * @var string
         */
        public $smtp_user       = '';

        /**
         * SMTP Password
         *
         * @var string
         */
        public $smtp_pass       = '';

        /**
         * SMTP Server port
         *
         * @var int
         */
        public $smtp_port       = 25;

        /**
         * SMTP connection timeout in seconds
         *
         * @var int
         */
        public $smtp_timeout    = 5;

        /**
         * SMTP persistent connection
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        public $smtp_keepalive  = FALSE;

        /**
         * SMTP Encryption
         *
         * @var string  empty, 'tls' or 'ssl'
         */
        public $smtp_crypto     = '';

        /**
         * Whether to apply word-wrapping to the message body.
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        public $wordwrap        = TRUE;

        /**
         * Number of characters to wrap at.
         *
         * @see CI_Email::$wordwrap
         * @var int
         */
        public $wrapchars       = 76;

        /**
         * Message format.
         *
         * @var string  'text' or 'html'
         */
        public $mailtype        = 'text';

        /**
         * Character set (default: utf-8)
         *
         * @var string
         */
        public $charset         = 'UTF-8';

        /**
         * Alternative message (for HTML messages only)
         *
         * @var string
         */
        public $alt_message     = '';

        /**
         * Whether to validate e-mail addresses.
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        public $validate        = FALSE;

        /**
         * X-Priority header value.
         *
         * @var int     1-5
         */
        public $priority        = 3;                    // Default priority (1 - 5)

        /**
         * Newline character sequence.
         * Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822.
         *
         * @link        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc822.txt
         * @var string  "\r\n" or "\n"
         */
        public $newline         = "\n";                 // Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)

        /**
         * CRLF character sequence
         *
         * RFC 2045 specifies that for 'quoted-printable' encoding,
         * "\r\n" must be used. However, it appears that some servers
         * (even on the receiving end) don't handle it properly and
         * switching to "\n", while improper, is the only solution
         * that seems to work for all environments.
         *
         * @link        http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc822.txt
         * @var string
         */
        public $crlf            = "\n";

        /**
         * Whether to use Delivery Status Notification.
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        public $dsn             = FALSE;

        /**
         * Whether to send multipart alternatives.
         * Yahoo! doesn't seem to like these.
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        public $send_multipart  = TRUE;

        /**
         * Whether to send messages to BCC recipients in batches.
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        public $bcc_batch_mode  = FALSE;

        /**
         * BCC Batch max number size.
         *
         * @see CI_Email::$bcc_batch_mode
         * @var int
         */
        public $bcc_batch_size  = 200;

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Whether PHP is running in safe mode. Initialized by the class constructor.
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        protected $_safe_mode           = FALSE;

        /**
         * Subject header
         *
         * @var string
         */
        protected $_subject             = '';

        /**
         * Message body
         *
         * @var string
         */
        protected $_body                = '';

        /**
         * Final message body to be sent.
         *
         * @var string
         */
        protected $_finalbody           = '';

        /**
         * Final headers to send
         *
         * @var string
         */
        protected $_header_str          = '';

        /**
         * SMTP Connection socket placeholder
         *
         * @var resource
         */
        protected $_smtp_connect        = '';

        /**
         * Mail encoding
         *
         * @var string  '8bit' or '7bit'
         */
        protected $_encoding            = '8bit';

        /**
         * Whether to perform SMTP authentication
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        protected $_smtp_auth           = FALSE;

        /**
         * Whether to send a Reply-To header
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        protected $_replyto_flag        = FALSE;

        /**
         * Debug messages
         *
         * @see CI_Email::print_debugger()
         * @var string
         */
        protected $_debug_msg           = array();

        /**
         * Recipients
         *
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_recipients          = array();

        /**
         * CC Recipients
         *
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_cc_array            = array();

        /**
         * BCC Recipients
         *
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_bcc_array           = array();

        /**
         * Message headers
         *
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_headers             = array();

        /**
         * Attachment data
         *
         * @var array
         */
        protected $_attachments         = array();

        /**
         * Valid $protocol values
         *
         * @see CI_Email::$protocol
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_protocols           = array('mail', 'sendmail', 'smtp');

        /**
         * Base charsets
         *
         * Character sets valid for 7-bit encoding,
         * excluding language suffix.
         *
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_base_charsets       = array('us-ascii', 'iso-2022-');

        /**
         * Bit depths
         *
         * Valid mail encodings
         *
         * @see CI_Email::$_encoding
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_bit_depths          = array('7bit', '8bit');

        /**
         * $priority translations
         *
         * Actual values to send with the X-Priority header
         *
         * @var string[]
         */
        protected $_priorities = array(
                1 => '1 (Highest)',
                2 => '2 (High)',
                3 => '3 (Normal)',
                4 => '4 (Low)',
                5 => '5 (Lowest)'
        );

        /**
         * mbstring.func_overload flag
         *
         * @var bool
         */
        protected static $func_overload;

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Constructor - Sets Email Preferences
         *
         * The constructor can be passed an array of config values
         *
         * @param       array   $config = array()
         * @return      void
         */
        public function __construct(array $config = array())
        {
                $this->charset = config_item('charset');
                $this->initialize($config);
                $this->_safe_mode = ( ! is_php('5.4') && ini_get('safe_mode'));

                isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));

                log_message('info', 'Email Class Initialized');
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Initialize preferences
         *
         * @param       array   $config
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function initialize(array $config = array())
        {
                $this->clear();

                foreach ($config as $key => $val)
                {
                        if (isset($this->$key))
                        {
                                $method = 'set_'.$key;

                                if (method_exists($this, $method))
                                {
                                        $this->$method($val);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        $this->$key = $val;
                                }
                        }
                }

                $this->charset = strtoupper($this->charset);
                $this->_smtp_auth = isset($this->smtp_user[0], $this->smtp_pass[0]);

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Initialize the Email Data
         *
         * @param       bool
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function clear($clear_attachments = FALSE)
        {
                $this->_subject         = '';
                $this->_body            = '';
                $this->_finalbody       = '';
                $this->_header_str      = '';
                $this->_replyto_flag    = FALSE;
                $this->_recipients      = array();
                $this->_cc_array        = array();
                $this->_bcc_array       = array();
                $this->_headers         = array();
                $this->_debug_msg       = array();

                $this->set_header('Date', $this->_set_date());

                if ($clear_attachments !== FALSE)
                {
                        $this->_attachments = array();
                }

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set FROM
         *
         * @param       string  $from
         * @param       string  $name
         * @param       string  $return_path = NULL     Return-Path
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function from($from, $name = '', $return_path = NULL)
        {
                if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $from, $match))
                {
                        $from = $match[1];
                }

                if ($this->validate)
                {
                        $this->validate_email($this->_str_to_array($from));
                        if ($return_path)
                        {
                                $this->validate_email($this->_str_to_array($return_path));
                        }
                }

                // prepare the display name
                if ($name !== '')
                {
                        // only use Q encoding if there are characters that would require it
                        if ( ! preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name))
                        {
                                // add slashes for non-printing characters, slashes, and double quotes, and surround it in double quotes
                                $name = '"'.addcslashes($name, "\0..\37\177'\"\\").'"';
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                $name = $this->_prep_q_encoding($name);
                        }
                }

                $this->set_header('From', $name.' <'.$from.'>');

                isset($return_path) OR $return_path = $from;
                $this->set_header('Return-Path', '<'.$return_path.'>');

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Reply-to
         *
         * @param       string
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function reply_to($replyto, $name = '')
        {
                if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $replyto, $match))
                {
                        $replyto = $match[1];
                }

                if ($this->validate)
                {
                        $this->validate_email($this->_str_to_array($replyto));
                }

                if ($name !== '')
                {
                        // only use Q encoding if there are characters that would require it
                        if ( ! preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name))
                        {
                                // add slashes for non-printing characters, slashes, and double quotes, and surround it in double quotes
                                $name = '"'.addcslashes($name, "\0..\37\177'\"\\").'"';
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                $name = $this->_prep_q_encoding($name);
                        }
                }

                $this->set_header('Reply-To', $name.' <'.$replyto.'>');
                $this->_replyto_flag = TRUE;

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Recipients
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function to($to)
        {
                $to = $this->_str_to_array($to);
                $to = $this->clean_email($to);

                if ($this->validate)
                {
                        $this->validate_email($to);
                }

                if ($this->_get_protocol() !== 'mail')
                {
                        $this->set_header('To', implode(', ', $to));
                }

                $this->_recipients = $to;

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set CC
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function cc($cc)
        {
                $cc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($cc));

                if ($this->validate)
                {
                        $this->validate_email($cc);
                }

                $this->set_header('Cc', implode(', ', $cc));

                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp')
                {
                        $this->_cc_array = $cc;
                }

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set BCC
         *
         * @param       string
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function bcc($bcc, $limit = '')
        {
                if ($limit !== '' && is_numeric($limit))
                {
                        $this->bcc_batch_mode = TRUE;
                        $this->bcc_batch_size = $limit;
                }

                $bcc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($bcc));

                if ($this->validate)
                {
                        $this->validate_email($bcc);
                }

                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp' OR ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($bcc) > $this->bcc_batch_size))
                {
                        $this->_bcc_array = $bcc;
                }
                else
                {
                        $this->set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
                }

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Email Subject
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function subject($subject)
        {
                $subject = $this->_prep_q_encoding($subject);
                $this->set_header('Subject', $subject);
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Body
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function message($body)
        {
                $this->_body = rtrim(str_replace("\r", '', $body));

                /* strip slashes only if magic quotes is ON
                   if we do it with magic quotes OFF, it strips real, user-inputted chars.

                   NOTE: In PHP 5.4 get_magic_quotes_gpc() will always return 0 and
                         it will probably not exist in future versions at all.
                */
                if ( ! is_php('5.4') && get_magic_quotes_gpc())
                {
                        $this->_body = stripslashes($this->_body);
                }

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Assign file attachments
         *
         * @param       string  $file   Can be local path, URL or buffered content
         * @param       string  $disposition = 'attachment'
         * @param       string  $newname = NULL
         * @param       string  $mime = ''
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function attach($file, $disposition = '', $newname = NULL, $mime = '')
        {
                if ($mime === '')
                {
                        if (strpos($file, '://') === FALSE && ! file_exists($file))
                        {
                                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_attachment_missing', $file);
                                return FALSE;
                        }

                        if ( ! $fp = @fopen($file, 'rb'))
                        {
                                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_attachment_unreadable', $file);
                                return FALSE;
                        }

                        $file_content = stream_get_contents($fp);
                        $mime = $this->_mime_types(pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
                        fclose($fp);
                }
                else
                {
                        $file_content =& $file; // buffered file
                }

                $this->_attachments[] = array(
                        'name'          => array($file, $newname),
                        'disposition'   => empty($disposition) ? 'attachment' : $disposition,  // Can also be 'inline'  Not sure if it matters
                        'type'          => $mime,
                        'content'       => chunk_split(base64_encode($file_content)),
                        'multipart'     => 'mixed'
                );

                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set and return attachment Content-ID
         *
         * Useful for attached inline pictures
         *
         * @param       string  $filename
         * @return      string
         */
        public function attachment_cid($filename)
        {
                for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_attachments); $i < $c; $i++)
                {
                        if ($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][0] === $filename)
                        {
                                $this->_attachments[$i]['multipart'] = 'related';
                                $this->_attachments[$i]['cid'] = uniqid(basename($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][0]).'@');
                                return $this->_attachments[$i]['cid'];
                        }
                }

                return FALSE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Add a Header Item
         *
         * @param       string
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_header($header, $value)
        {
                $this->_headers[$header] = str_replace(array("\n", "\r"), '', $value);
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Convert a String to an Array
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      array
         */
        protected function _str_to_array($email)
        {
                if ( ! is_array($email))
                {
                        return (strpos($email, ',') !== FALSE)
                                ? preg_split('/[\s,]/', $email, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)
                                : (array) trim($email);
                }

                return $email;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Multipart Value
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_alt_message($str)
        {
                $this->alt_message = (string) $str;
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Mailtype
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_mailtype($type = 'text')
        {
                $this->mailtype = ($type === 'html') ? 'html' : 'text';
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Wordwrap
         *
         * @param       bool
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_wordwrap($wordwrap = TRUE)
        {
                $this->wordwrap = (bool) $wordwrap;
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Protocol
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_protocol($protocol = 'mail')
        {
                $this->protocol = in_array($protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) ? strtolower($protocol) : 'mail';
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Priority
         *
         * @param       int
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_priority($n = 3)
        {
                $this->priority = preg_match('/^[1-5]$/', $n) ? (int) $n : 3;
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Newline Character
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_newline($newline = "\n")
        {
                $this->newline = in_array($newline, array("\n", "\r\n", "\r")) ? $newline : "\n";
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set CRLF
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      CI_Email
         */
        public function set_crlf($crlf = "\n")
        {
                $this->crlf = ($crlf !== "\n" && $crlf !== "\r\n" && $crlf !== "\r") ? "\n" : $crlf;
                return $this;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Get the Message ID
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _get_message_id()
        {
                $from = str_replace(array('>', '<'), '', $this->_headers['Return-Path']);
                return '<'.uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').'>';
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Get Mail Protocol
         *
         * @return      mixed
         */
        protected function _get_protocol()
        {
                $this->protocol = strtolower($this->protocol);
                in_array($this->protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) OR $this->protocol = 'mail';
                return $this->protocol;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Get Mail Encoding
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _get_encoding()
        {
                in_array($this->_encoding, $this->_bit_depths) OR $this->_encoding = '8bit';

                foreach ($this->_base_charsets as $charset)
                {
                        if (strpos($this->charset, $charset) === 0)
                        {
                                $this->_encoding = '7bit';
                        }
                }

                return $this->_encoding;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Get content type (text/html/attachment)
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _get_content_type()
        {
                if ($this->mailtype === 'html')
                {
                        return empty($this->_attachments) ? 'html' : 'html-attach';
                }
                elseif  ($this->mailtype === 'text' && ! empty($this->_attachments))
                {
                        return 'plain-attach';
                }

                return 'plain';
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set RFC 822 Date
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _set_date()
        {
                $timezone = date('Z');
                $operator = ($timezone[0] === '-') ? '-' : '+';
                $timezone = abs($timezone);
                $timezone = floor($timezone/3600) * 100 + ($timezone % 3600) / 60;

                return sprintf('%s %s%04d', date('D, j M Y H:i:s'), $operator, $timezone);
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Mime message
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _get_mime_message()
        {
                return 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'.$this->newline.'Your email application may not support this format.';
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Validate Email Address
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      bool
         */
        public function validate_email($email)
        {
                if ( ! is_array($email))
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_must_be_array');
                        return FALSE;
                }

                foreach ($email as $val)
                {
                        if ( ! $this->valid_email($val))
                        {
                                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_invalid_address', $val);
                                return FALSE;
                        }
                }

                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Email Validation
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      bool
         */
        public function valid_email($email)
        {
                if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && strpos($email, '@'))
                {
                        list($account, $domain) = explode('@', $email, 2);
                        $domain = defined('INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46')
                                ? idn_to_ascii($domain, 0, INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)
                                : idn_to_ascii($domain);

                        if ($domain !== FALSE)
                        {
                                $email = $account.'@'.$domain;
                        }
                }

                return (bool) filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Clean Extended Email Address: Joe Smith <joe@smith.com>
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      string
         */
        public function clean_email($email)
        {
                if ( ! is_array($email))
                {
                        return preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $email, $match) ? $match[1] : $email;
                }

                $clean_email = array();

                foreach ($email as $addy)
                {
                        $clean_email[] = preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match) ? $match[1] : $addy;
                }

                return $clean_email;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Build alternative plain text message
         *
         * Provides the raw message for use in plain-text headers of
         * HTML-formatted emails.
         * If the user hasn't specified his own alternative message
         * it creates one by stripping the HTML
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _get_alt_message()
        {
                if ( ! empty($this->alt_message))
                {
                        return ($this->wordwrap)
                                ? $this->word_wrap($this->alt_message, 76)
                                : $this->alt_message;
                }

                $body = preg_match('/\<body.*?\>(.*)\<\/body\>/si', $this->_body, $match) ? $match[1] : $this->_body;
                $body = str_replace("\t", '', preg_replace('#<!--(.*)--\>#', '', trim(strip_tags($body))));

                for ($i = 20; $i >= 3; $i--)
                {
                        $body = str_replace(str_repeat("\n", $i), "\n\n", $body);
                }

                // Reduce multiple spaces
                $body = preg_replace('| +|', ' ', $body);

                return ($this->wordwrap)
                        ? $this->word_wrap($body, 76)
                        : $body;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Word Wrap
         *
         * @param       string
         * @param       int     line-length limit
         * @return      string
         */
        public function word_wrap($str, $charlim = NULL)
        {
                // Set the character limit, if not already present
                if (empty($charlim))
                {
                        $charlim = empty($this->wrapchars) ? 76 : $this->wrapchars;
                }

                // Standardize newlines
                if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE)
                {
                        $str = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r"), "\n", $str);
                }

                // Reduce multiple spaces at end of line
                $str = preg_replace('| +\n|', "\n", $str);

                // If the current word is surrounded by {unwrap} tags we'll
                // strip the entire chunk and replace it with a marker.
                $unwrap = array();
                if (preg_match_all('|\{unwrap\}(.+?)\{/unwrap\}|s', $str, $matches))
                {
                        for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches[0]); $i < $c; $i++)
                        {
                                $unwrap[] = $matches[1][$i];
                                $str = str_replace($matches[0][$i], '{{unwrapped'.$i.'}}', $str);
                        }
                }

                // Use PHP's native function to do the initial wordwrap.
                // We set the cut flag to FALSE so that any individual words that are
                // too long get left alone. In the next step we'll deal with them.
                $str = wordwrap($str, $charlim, "\n", FALSE);

                // Split the string into individual lines of text and cycle through them
                $output = '';
                foreach (explode("\n", $str) as $line)
                {
                        // Is the line within the allowed character count?
                        // If so we'll join it to the output and continue
                        if (self::strlen($line) <= $charlim)
                        {
                                $output .= $line.$this->newline;
                                continue;
                        }

                        $temp = '';
                        do
                        {
                                // If the over-length word is a URL we won't wrap it
                                if (preg_match('!\[url.+\]|://|www\.!', $line))
                                {
                                        break;
                                }

                                // Trim the word down
                                $temp .= self::substr($line, 0, $charlim - 1);
                                $line = self::substr($line, $charlim - 1);
                        }
                        while (self::strlen($line) > $charlim);

                        // If $temp contains data it means we had to split up an over-length
                        // word into smaller chunks so we'll add it back to our current line
                        if ($temp !== '')
                        {
                                $output .= $temp.$this->newline;
                        }

                        $output .= $line.$this->newline;
                }

                // Put our markers back
                if (count($unwrap) > 0)
                {
                        foreach ($unwrap as $key => $val)
                        {
                                $output = str_replace('{{unwrapped'.$key.'}}', $val, $output);
                        }
                }

                return $output;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Build final headers
         *
         * @return      void
         */
        protected function _build_headers()
        {
                $this->set_header('User-Agent', $this->useragent);
                $this->set_header('X-Sender', $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']));
                $this->set_header('X-Mailer', $this->useragent);
                $this->set_header('X-Priority', $this->_priorities[$this->priority]);
                $this->set_header('Message-ID', $this->_get_message_id());
                $this->set_header('Mime-Version', '1.0');
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Write Headers as a string
         *
         * @return      void
         */
        protected function _write_headers()
        {
                if ($this->protocol === 'mail')
                {
                        if (isset($this->_headers['Subject']))
                        {
                                $this->_subject = $this->_headers['Subject'];
                                unset($this->_headers['Subject']);
                        }
                }

                reset($this->_headers);
                $this->_header_str = '';

                foreach ($this->_headers as $key => $val)
                {
                        $val = trim($val);

                        if ($val !== '')
                        {
                                $this->_header_str .= $key.': '.$val.$this->newline;
                        }
                }

                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
                {
                        $this->_header_str = rtrim($this->_header_str);
                }
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Build Final Body and attachments
         *
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _build_message()
        {
                if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE && $this->mailtype !== 'html')
                {
                        $this->_body = $this->word_wrap($this->_body);
                }

                $this->_write_headers();

                $hdr = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') ? $this->newline : '';
                $body = '';

                switch ($this->_get_content_type())
                {
                        case 'plain':

                                $hdr .= 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
                                        .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding();

                                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
                                {
                                        $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                                        $this->_finalbody = $this->_body;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        $this->_finalbody = $hdr.$this->newline.$this->newline.$this->_body;
                                }

                                return;

                        case 'html':

                                if ($this->send_multipart === FALSE)
                                {
                                        $hdr .= 'Content-Type: text/html; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
                                                .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable';
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        $boundary = uniqid('B_ALT_');
                                        $hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="'.$boundary.'"';

                                        $body .= $this->_get_mime_message().$this->newline.$this->newline
                                                .'--'.$boundary.$this->newline

                                                .'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
                                                .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding().$this->newline.$this->newline
                                                .$this->_get_alt_message().$this->newline.$this->newline
                                                .'--'.$boundary.$this->newline

                                                .'Content-Type: text/html; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
                                                .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable'.$this->newline.$this->newline;
                                }

                                $this->_finalbody = $body.$this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body).$this->newline.$this->newline;

                                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
                                {
                                        $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        $this->_finalbody = $hdr.$this->newline.$this->newline.$this->_finalbody;
                                }

                                if ($this->send_multipart !== FALSE)
                                {
                                        $this->_finalbody .= '--'.$boundary.'--';
                                }

                                return;

                        case 'plain-attach':

                                $boundary = uniqid('B_ATC_');
                                $hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="'.$boundary.'"';

                                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
                                {
                                        $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                                }

                                $body .= $this->_get_mime_message().$this->newline
                                        .$this->newline
                                        .'--'.$boundary.$this->newline
                                        .'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
                                        .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding().$this->newline
                                        .$this->newline
                                        .$this->_body.$this->newline.$this->newline;

                                $this->_append_attachments($body, $boundary);

                                break;
                        case 'html-attach':

                                $alt_boundary = uniqid('B_ALT_');
                                $last_boundary = NULL;

                                if ($this->_attachments_have_multipart('mixed'))
                                {
                                        $atc_boundary = uniqid('B_ATC_');
                                        $hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="'.$atc_boundary.'"';
                                        $last_boundary = $atc_boundary;
                                }

                                if ($this->_attachments_have_multipart('related'))
                                {
                                        $rel_boundary = uniqid('B_REL_');
                                        $rel_boundary_header = 'Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="'.$rel_boundary.'"';

                                        if (isset($last_boundary))
                                        {
                                                $body .= '--'.$last_boundary.$this->newline.$rel_boundary_header;
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                                $hdr .= $rel_boundary_header;
                                        }

                                        $last_boundary = $rel_boundary;
                                }

                                if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
                                {
                                        $this->_header_str .= $hdr;
                                }

                                self::strlen($body) && $body .= $this->newline.$this->newline;
                                $body .= $this->_get_mime_message().$this->newline.$this->newline
                                        .'--'.$last_boundary.$this->newline

                                        .'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="'.$alt_boundary.'"'.$this->newline.$this->newline
                                        .'--'.$alt_boundary.$this->newline

                                        .'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
                                        .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding().$this->newline.$this->newline
                                        .$this->_get_alt_message().$this->newline.$this->newline
                                        .'--'.$alt_boundary.$this->newline

                                        .'Content-Type: text/html; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
                                        .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable'.$this->newline.$this->newline

                                        .$this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body).$this->newline.$this->newline
                                        .'--'.$alt_boundary.'--'.$this->newline.$this->newline;

                                if ( ! empty($rel_boundary))
                                {
                                        $body .= $this->newline.$this->newline;
                                        $this->_append_attachments($body, $rel_boundary, 'related');
                                }

                                // multipart/mixed attachments
                                if ( ! empty($atc_boundary))
                                {
                                        $body .= $this->newline.$this->newline;
                                        $this->_append_attachments($body, $atc_boundary, 'mixed');
                                }

                                break;
                }

                $this->_finalbody = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
                        ? $body
                        : $hdr.$this->newline.$this->newline.$body;

                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        protected function _attachments_have_multipart($type)
        {
                foreach ($this->_attachments as &$attachment)
                {
                        if ($attachment['multipart'] === $type)
                        {
                                return TRUE;
                        }
                }

                return FALSE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Prepares attachment string
         *
         * @param       string  $body           Message body to append to
         * @param       string  $boundary       Multipart boundary
         * @param       string  $multipart      When provided, only attachments of this type will be processed
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _append_attachments(&$body, $boundary, $multipart = null)
        {
                for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_attachments); $i < $c; $i++)
                {
                        if (isset($multipart) && $this->_attachments[$i]['multipart'] !== $multipart)
                        {
                                continue;
                        }

                        $name = isset($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][1])
                                ? $this->_attachments[$i]['name'][1]
                                : basename($this->_attachments[$i]['name'][0]);

                        $body .= '--'.$boundary.$this->newline
                                .'Content-Type: '.$this->_attachments[$i]['type'].'; name="'.$name.'"'.$this->newline
                                .'Content-Disposition: '.$this->_attachments[$i]['disposition'].';'.$this->newline
                                .'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64'.$this->newline
                                .(empty($this->_attachments[$i]['cid']) ? '' : 'Content-ID: <'.$this->_attachments[$i]['cid'].'>'.$this->newline)
                                .$this->newline
                                .$this->_attachments[$i]['content'].$this->newline;
                }

                // $name won't be set if no attachments were appended,
                // and therefore a boundary wouldn't be necessary
                empty($name) OR $body .= '--'.$boundary.'--';
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Prep Quoted Printable
         *
         * Prepares string for Quoted-Printable Content-Transfer-Encoding
         * Refer to RFC 2045 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _prep_quoted_printable($str)
        {
                // ASCII code numbers for "safe" characters that can always be
                // used literally, without encoding, as described in RFC 2049.
                // http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2049.txt
                static $ascii_safe_chars = array(
                        // ' (  )   +   ,   -   .   /   :   =   ?
                        39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 58, 61, 63,
                        // numbers
                        48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
                        // upper-case letters
                        65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
                        // lower-case letters
                        97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122
                );

                // We are intentionally wrapping so mail servers will encode characters
                // properly and MUAs will behave, so {unwrap} must go!
                $str = str_replace(array('{unwrap}', '{/unwrap}'), '', $str);

                // RFC 2045 specifies CRLF as "\r\n".
                // However, many developers choose to override that and violate
                // the RFC rules due to (apparently) a bug in MS Exchange,
                // which only works with "\n".
                if ($this->crlf === "\r\n")
                {
                        return quoted_printable_encode($str);
                }

                // Reduce multiple spaces & remove nulls
                $str = preg_replace(array('| +|', '/\x00+/'), array(' ', ''), $str);

                // Standardize newlines
                if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE)
                {
                        $str = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r"), "\n", $str);
                }

                $escape = '=';
                $output = '';

                foreach (explode("\n", $str) as $line)
                {
                        $length = self::strlen($line);
                        $temp = '';

                        // Loop through each character in the line to add soft-wrap
                        // characters at the end of a line " =\r\n" and add the newly
                        // processed line(s) to the output (see comment on $crlf class property)
                        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
                        {
                                // Grab the next character
                                $char = $line[$i];
                                $ascii = ord($char);

                                // Convert spaces and tabs but only if it's the end of the line
                                if ($ascii === 32 OR $ascii === 9)
                                {
                                        if ($i === ($length - 1))
                                        {
                                                $char = $escape.sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii));
                                        }
                                }
                                // DO NOT move this below the $ascii_safe_chars line!
                                //
                                // = (equals) signs are allowed by RFC2049, but must be encoded
                                // as they are the encoding delimiter!
                                elseif ($ascii === 61)
                                {
                                        $char = $escape.strtoupper(sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii)));  // =3D
                                }
                                elseif ( ! in_array($ascii, $ascii_safe_chars, TRUE))
                                {
                                        $char = $escape.strtoupper(sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii)));
                                }

                                // If we're at the character limit, add the line to the output,
                                // reset our temp variable, and keep on chuggin'
                                if ((self::strlen($temp) + self::strlen($char)) >= 76)
                                {
                                        $output .= $temp.$escape.$this->crlf;
                                        $temp = '';
                                }

                                // Add the character to our temporary line
                                $temp .= $char;
                        }

                        // Add our completed line to the output
                        $output .= $temp.$this->crlf;
                }

                // get rid of extra CRLF tacked onto the end
                return self::substr($output, 0, self::strlen($this->crlf) * -1);
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Prep Q Encoding
         *
         * Performs "Q Encoding" on a string for use in email headers.
         * It's related but not identical to quoted-printable, so it has its
         * own method.
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _prep_q_encoding($str)
        {
                $str = str_replace(array("\r", "\n"), '', $str);

                if ($this->charset === 'UTF-8')
                {
                        // Note: We used to have mb_encode_mimeheader() as the first choice
                        //       here, but it turned out to be buggy and unreliable. DO NOT
                        //       re-add it! -- Narf
                        if (ICONV_ENABLED === TRUE)
                        {
                                $output = @iconv_mime_encode('', $str,
                                        array(
                                                'scheme' => 'Q',
                                                'line-length' => 76,
                                                'input-charset' => $this->charset,
                                                'output-charset' => $this->charset,
                                                'line-break-chars' => $this->crlf
                                        )
                                );

                                // There are reports that iconv_mime_encode() might fail and return FALSE
                                if ($output !== FALSE)
                                {
                                        // iconv_mime_encode() will always put a header field name.
                                        // We've passed it an empty one, but it still prepends our
                                        // encoded string with ': ', so we need to strip it.
                                        return self::substr($output, 2);
                                }

                                $chars = iconv_strlen($str, 'UTF-8');
                        }
                        elseif (MB_ENABLED === TRUE)
                        {
                                $chars = mb_strlen($str, 'UTF-8');
                        }
                }

                // We might already have this set for UTF-8
                isset($chars) OR $chars = self::strlen($str);

                $output = '=?'.$this->charset.'?Q?';
                for ($i = 0, $length = self::strlen($output); $i < $chars; $i++)
                {
                        $chr = ($this->charset === 'UTF-8' && ICONV_ENABLED === TRUE)
                                ? '='.implode('=', str_split(strtoupper(bin2hex(iconv_substr($str, $i, 1, $this->charset))), 2))
                                : '='.strtoupper(bin2hex($str[$i]));

                        // RFC 2045 sets a limit of 76 characters per line.
                        // We'll append ?= to the end of each line though.
                        if ($length + ($l = self::strlen($chr)) > 74)
                        {
                                $output .= '?='.$this->crlf // EOL
                                        .' =?'.$this->charset.'?Q?'.$chr; // New line
                                $length = 6 + self::strlen($this->charset) + $l; // Reset the length for the new line
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                $output .= $chr;
                                $length += $l;
                        }
                }

                // End the header
                return $output.'?=';
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Send Email
         *
         * @param       bool    $auto_clear = TRUE
         * @return      bool
         */
        public function send($auto_clear = TRUE)
        {
                if ( ! isset($this->_headers['From']))
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_from');
                        return FALSE;
                }

                if ($this->_replyto_flag === FALSE)
                {
                        $this->reply_to($this->_headers['From']);
                }

                if ( ! isset($this->_recipients) && ! isset($this->_headers['To'])
                        && ! isset($this->_bcc_array) && ! isset($this->_headers['Bcc'])
                        && ! isset($this->_headers['Cc']))
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_recipients');
                        return FALSE;
                }

                $this->_build_headers();

                if ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size)
                {
                        $result = $this->batch_bcc_send();

                        if ($result && $auto_clear)
                        {
                                $this->clear();
                        }

                        return $result;
                }

                if ($this->_build_message() === FALSE)
                {
                        return FALSE;
                }

                $result = $this->_spool_email();

                if ($result && $auto_clear)
                {
                        $this->clear();
                }

                return $result;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Batch Bcc Send. Sends groups of BCCs in batches
         *
         * @return      void
         */
        public function batch_bcc_send()
        {
                $float = $this->bcc_batch_size - 1;
                $set = '';
                $chunk = array();

                for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_bcc_array); $i < $c; $i++)
                {
                        if (isset($this->_bcc_array[$i]))
                        {
                                $set .= ', '.$this->_bcc_array[$i];
                        }

                        if ($i === $float)
                        {
                                $chunk[] = self::substr($set, 1);
                                $float += $this->bcc_batch_size;
                                $set = '';
                        }

                        if ($i === $c-1)
                        {
                                $chunk[] = self::substr($set, 1);
                        }
                }

                for ($i = 0, $c = count($chunk); $i < $c; $i++)
                {
                        unset($this->_headers['Bcc']);

                        $bcc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($chunk[$i]));

                        if ($this->protocol !== 'smtp')
                        {
                                $this->set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                $this->_bcc_array = $bcc;
                        }

                        if ($this->_build_message() === FALSE)
                        {
                                return FALSE;
                        }

                        $this->_spool_email();
                }
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Unwrap special elements
         *
         * @return      void
         */
        protected function _unwrap_specials()
        {
                $this->_finalbody = preg_replace_callback('/\{unwrap\}(.*?)\{\/unwrap\}/si', array($this, '_remove_nl_callback'), $this->_finalbody);
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Strip line-breaks via callback
         *
         * @param       string  $matches
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _remove_nl_callback($matches)
        {
                if (strpos($matches[1], "\r") !== FALSE OR strpos($matches[1], "\n") !== FALSE)
                {
                        $matches[1] = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\n"), '', $matches[1]);
                }

                return $matches[1];
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Spool mail to the mail server
         *
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _spool_email()
        {
                $this->_unwrap_specials();

                $protocol = $this->_get_protocol();
                $method   = '_send_with_'.$protocol;
                if ( ! $this->$method())
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_'.($protocol === 'mail' ? 'phpmail' : $protocol));
                        return FALSE;
                }

                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_sent', $protocol);
                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Validate email for shell
         *
         * Applies stricter, shell-safe validation to email addresses.
         * Introduced to prevent RCE via sendmail's -f option.
         *
         * @see https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/4963
         * @see https://gist.github.com/Zenexer/40d02da5e07f151adeaeeaa11af9ab36
         * @license     https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/      CC0 1.0, Public Domain
         *
         * Credits for the base concept go to Paul Buonopane <paul@namepros.com>
         *
         * @param       string  $email
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _validate_email_for_shell(&$email)
        {
                if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && strpos($email, '@'))
                {
                        list($account, $domain) = explode('@', $email, 2);
                        $domain = defined('INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46')
                                ? idn_to_ascii($domain, 0, INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)
                                : idn_to_ascii($domain);

                        if ($domain !== FALSE)
                        {
                                $email = $account.'@'.$domain;
                        }
                }

                return (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === $email && preg_match('#\A[a-z0-9._+-]+@[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}\z#i', $email));
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Send using mail()
         *
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _send_with_mail()
        {
                if (is_array($this->_recipients))
                {
                        $this->_recipients = implode(', ', $this->_recipients);
                }

                // _validate_email_for_shell() below accepts by reference,
                // so this needs to be assigned to a variable
                $from = $this->clean_email($this->_headers['Return-Path']);

                if ($this->_safe_mode === TRUE || ! $this->_validate_email_for_shell($from))
                {
                        return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str);
                }
                else
                {
                        // most documentation of sendmail using the "-f" flag lacks a space after it, however
                        // we've encountered servers that seem to require it to be in place.
                        return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str, '-f '.$from);
                }
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Send using Sendmail
         *
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _send_with_sendmail()
        {
                // _validate_email_for_shell() below accepts by reference,
                // so this needs to be assigned to a variable
                $from = $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']);
                if ($this->_validate_email_for_shell($from))
                {
                        $from = '-f '.$from;
                }
                else
                {
                        $from = '';
                }

                // is popen() enabled?
                if ( ! function_usable('popen') OR FALSE === ($fp = @popen($this->mailpath.' -oi '.$from.' -t', 'w')))
                {
                        // server probably has popen disabled, so nothing we can do to get a verbose error.
                        return FALSE;
                }

                fputs($fp, $this->_header_str);
                fputs($fp, $this->_finalbody);

                $status = pclose($fp);

                if ($status !== 0)
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_exit_status', $status);
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_socket');
                        return FALSE;
                }

                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Send using SMTP
         *
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _send_with_smtp()
        {
                if ($this->smtp_host === '')
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_hostname');
                        return FALSE;
                }

                if ( ! $this->_smtp_connect() OR ! $this->_smtp_authenticate())
                {
                        return FALSE;
                }

                if ( ! $this->_send_command('from', $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From'])))
                {
                        $this->_smtp_end();
                        return FALSE;
                }

                foreach ($this->_recipients as $val)
                {
                        if ( ! $this->_send_command('to', $val))
                        {
                                $this->_smtp_end();
                                return FALSE;
                        }
                }

                if (count($this->_cc_array) > 0)
                {
                        foreach ($this->_cc_array as $val)
                        {
                                if ($val !== '' && ! $this->_send_command('to', $val))
                                {
                                        $this->_smtp_end();
                                        return FALSE;
                                }
                        }
                }

                if (count($this->_bcc_array) > 0)
                {
                        foreach ($this->_bcc_array as $val)
                        {
                                if ($val !== '' && ! $this->_send_command('to', $val))
                                {
                                        $this->_smtp_end();
                                        return FALSE;
                                }
                        }
                }

                if ( ! $this->_send_command('data'))
                {
                        $this->_smtp_end();
                        return FALSE;
                }

                // perform dot transformation on any lines that begin with a dot
                $this->_send_data($this->_header_str.preg_replace('/^\./m', '..$1', $this->_finalbody));

                $this->_send_data('.');

                $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
                $this->_set_error_message($reply);

                $this->_smtp_end();

                if (strpos($reply, '250') !== 0)
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $reply);
                        return FALSE;
                }

                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * SMTP End
         *
         * Shortcut to send RSET or QUIT depending on keep-alive
         *
         * @return      void
         */
        protected function _smtp_end()
        {
                ($this->smtp_keepalive)
                        ? $this->_send_command('reset')
                        : $this->_send_command('quit');
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * SMTP Connect
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _smtp_connect()
        {
                if (is_resource($this->_smtp_connect))
                {
                        return TRUE;
                }

                $ssl = ($this->smtp_crypto === 'ssl') ? 'ssl://' : '';

                $this->_smtp_connect = fsockopen($ssl.$this->smtp_host,
                                                        $this->smtp_port,
                                                        $errno,
                                                        $errstr,
                                                        $this->smtp_timeout);

                if ( ! is_resource($this->_smtp_connect))
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $errno.' '.$errstr);
                        return FALSE;
                }

                stream_set_timeout($this->_smtp_connect, $this->smtp_timeout);
                $this->_set_error_message($this->_get_smtp_data());

                if ($this->smtp_crypto === 'tls')
                {
                        $this->_send_command('hello');
                        $this->_send_command('starttls');

                        /**
                         * STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT is quite the mess ...
                         *
                         * - On PHP <5.6 it doesn't even mean TLS, but SSL 2.0, and there's no option to use actual TLS
                         * - On PHP 5.6.0-5.6.6, >=7.2 it means negotiation with any of TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2
                         * - On PHP 5.6.7-7.1.* it means only TLS 1.0
                         *
                         * We want the negotiation, so we'll force it below ...
                         */
                        $method = is_php('5.6')
                                ? STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_0_CLIENT | STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT | STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT
                                : STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT;
                        $crypto = stream_socket_enable_crypto($this->_smtp_connect, TRUE, $method);

                        if ($crypto !== TRUE)
                        {
                                $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $this->_get_smtp_data());
                                return FALSE;
                        }
                }

                return $this->_send_command('hello');
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Send SMTP command
         *
         * @param       string
         * @param       string
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _send_command($cmd, $data = '')
        {
                switch ($cmd)
                {
                        case 'hello' :

                                                if ($this->_smtp_auth OR $this->_get_encoding() === '8bit')
                                                {
                                                        $this->_send_data('EHLO '.$this->_get_hostname());
                                                }
                                                else
                                                {
                                                        $this->_send_data('HELO '.$this->_get_hostname());
                                                }

                                                $resp = 250;
                        break;
                        case 'starttls' :

                                                $this->_send_data('STARTTLS');
                                                $resp = 220;
                        break;
                        case 'from' :

                                                $this->_send_data('MAIL FROM:<'.$data.'>');
                                                $resp = 250;
                        break;
                        case 'to' :

                                                if ($this->dsn)
                                                {
                                                        $this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$data.'> NOTIFY=SUCCESS,DELAY,FAILURE ORCPT=rfc822;'.$data);
                                                }
                                                else
                                                {
                                                        $this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$data.'>');
                                                }

                                                $resp = 250;
                        break;
                        case 'data'     :

                                                $this->_send_data('DATA');
                                                $resp = 354;
                        break;
                        case 'reset':

                                                $this->_send_data('RSET');
                                                $resp = 250;
                        break;
                        case 'quit'     :

                                                $this->_send_data('QUIT');
                                                $resp = 221;
                        break;
                }

                $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();

                $this->_debug_msg[] = '<pre>'.$cmd.': '.$reply.'</pre>';

                if ((int) self::substr($reply, 0, 3) !== $resp)
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $reply);
                        return FALSE;
                }

                if ($cmd === 'quit')
                {
                        fclose($this->_smtp_connect);
                }

                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * SMTP Authenticate
         *
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _smtp_authenticate()
        {
                if ( ! $this->_smtp_auth)
                {
                        return TRUE;
                }

                if ($this->smtp_user === '' && $this->smtp_pass === '')
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_smtp_unpw');
                        return FALSE;
                }

                $this->_send_data('AUTH LOGIN');

                $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();

                if (strpos($reply, '503') === 0)        // Already authenticated
                {
                        return TRUE;
                }
                elseif (strpos($reply, '334') !== 0)
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_failed_smtp_login', $reply);
                        return FALSE;
                }

                $this->_send_data(base64_encode($this->smtp_user));

                $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();

                if (strpos($reply, '334') !== 0)
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_auth_un', $reply);
                        return FALSE;
                }

                $this->_send_data(base64_encode($this->smtp_pass));

                $reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();

                if (strpos($reply, '235') !== 0)
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_auth_pw', $reply);
                        return FALSE;
                }

                if ($this->smtp_keepalive)
                {
                        $this->_smtp_auth = FALSE;
                }

                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Send SMTP data
         *
         * @param       string  $data
         * @return      bool
         */
        protected function _send_data($data)
        {
                $data .= $this->newline;
                for ($written = $timestamp = 0, $length = self::strlen($data); $written < $length; $written += $result)
                {
                        if (($result = fwrite($this->_smtp_connect, self::substr($data, $written))) === FALSE)
                        {
                                break;
                        }
                        // See https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=39598 and http://php.net/manual/en/function.fwrite.php#96951
                        elseif ($result === 0)
                        {
                                if ($timestamp === 0)
                                {
                                        $timestamp = time();
                                }
                                elseif ($timestamp < (time() - $this->smtp_timeout))
                                {
                                        $result = FALSE;
                                        break;
                                }

                                usleep(250000);
                                continue;
                        }

                        $timestamp = 0;
                }

                if ($result === FALSE)
                {
                        $this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_data_failure', $data);
                        return FALSE;
                }

                return TRUE;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Get SMTP data
         *
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _get_smtp_data()
        {
                $data = '';

                while ($str = fgets($this->_smtp_connect, 512))
                {
                        $data .= $str;

                        if ($str[3] === ' ')
                        {
                                break;
                        }
                }

                return $data;
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Get Hostname
         *
         * There are only two legal types of hostname - either a fully
         * qualified domain name (eg: "mail.example.com") or an IP literal
         * (eg: "[1.2.3.4]").
         *
         * @link        https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-2.3.5
         * @link        http://cbl.abuseat.org/namingproblems.html
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _get_hostname()
        {
                if (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']))
                {
                        return $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
                }

                return isset($_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR']) ? '['.$_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'].']' : '[127.0.0.1]';
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Get Debug Message
         *
         * @param       array   $include        List of raw data chunks to include in the output
         *                                      Valid options are: 'headers', 'subject', 'body'
         * @return      string
         */
        public function print_debugger($include = array('headers', 'subject', 'body'))
        {
                $msg = '';

                if (count($this->_debug_msg) > 0)
                {
                        foreach ($this->_debug_msg as $val)
                        {
                                $msg .= $val;
                        }
                }

                // Determine which parts of our raw data needs to be printed
                $raw_data = '';
                is_array($include) OR $include = array($include);

                if (in_array('headers', $include, TRUE))
                {
                        $raw_data = htmlspecialchars($this->_header_str)."\n";
                }

                if (in_array('subject', $include, TRUE))
                {
                        $raw_data .= htmlspecialchars($this->_subject)."\n";
                }

                if (in_array('body', $include, TRUE))
                {
                        $raw_data .= htmlspecialchars($this->_finalbody);
                }

                return $msg.($raw_data === '' ? '' : '<pre>'.$raw_data.'</pre>');
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Set Message
         *
         * @param       string  $msg
         * @param       string  $val = ''
         * @return      void
         */
        protected function _set_error_message($msg, $val = '')
        {
                $CI =& get_instance();
                $CI->lang->load('email');

                if (sscanf($msg, 'lang:%s', $line) !== 1 OR FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line($line)))
                {
                        $this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $msg).'<br />';
                }
                else
                {
                        $this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $line).'<br />';
                }
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Mime Types
         *
         * @param       string
         * @return      string
         */
        protected function _mime_types($ext = '')
        {
                $ext = strtolower($ext);

                $mimes =& get_mimes();

                if (isset($mimes[$ext]))
                {
                        return is_array($mimes[$ext])
                                ? current($mimes[$ext])
                                : $mimes[$ext];
                }

                return 'application/x-unknown-content-type';
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Destructor
         *
         * @return      void
         */
        public function __destruct()
        {
                is_resource($this->_smtp_connect) && $this->_send_command('quit');
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Byte-safe strlen()
         *
         * @param       string  $str
         * @return      int
         */
        protected static function strlen($str)
        {
                return (self::$func_overload)
                        ? mb_strlen($str, '8bit')
                        : strlen($str);
        }

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------

        /**
         * Byte-safe substr()
         *
         * @param       string  $str
         * @param       int     $start
         * @param       int     $length
         * @return      string
         */
        protected static function substr($str, $start, $length = NULL)
        {
                if (self::$func_overload)
                {
                        // mb_substr($str, $start, null, '8bit') returns an empty
                        // string on PHP 5.3
                        isset($length) OR $length = ($start >= 0 ? self::strlen($str) - $start : -$start);
                        return mb_substr($str, $start, $length, '8bit');
                }

                return isset($length)
                        ? substr($str, $start, $length)
                        : substr($str, $start);
        }
}