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Variable scopes {#language.variable.scopes}
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# Variable scopes
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===============
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You have the choice to assign variables to the scope of the main Smarty
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You have the choice to assign variables to the scope of the main Smarty
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object, data objects created with [`createData()`](#api.create.data),
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object, data objects created with [`createData()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-data.md),
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and template objects created with
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and template objects created with
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[`createTemplate()`](#api.create.template). These objects can be
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[`createTemplate()`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-create-template.md). These objects can be
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chained. A template sees all the variables of its own object and all
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chained. A template sees all the variables of its own object and all
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variables assigned to the objects in its chain of parent objects.
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variables assigned to the objects in its chain of parent objects.
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By default templates which are rendered by
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By default, templates which are rendered by
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[`$smarty->display(...)`](#api.display) or
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[`$smarty->display(...)`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-display.md) or
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[`$smarty->fetch(...)`](#api.fetch) calls are automatically linked to
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[`$smarty->fetch(...)`](../../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md) calls are automatically linked to
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the Smarty object variable scope.
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the Smarty object variable scope.
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By assigning variables to individual data or template objects you have
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By assigning variables to individual data or template objects you have
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full control which variables can be seen by a template.
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full control which variables can be seen by a template.
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```php
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<?php
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    // assign variable to Smarty object scope
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// assign variable to Smarty object scope
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    $smarty->assign('foo','smarty');
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$smarty->assign('foo','smarty');
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    // assign variables to data object scope
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// assign variables to data object scope
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    $data = $smarty->createData();
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$data = $smarty->createData();
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    $data->assign('foo','data');
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$data->assign('foo','data');
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    $data->assign('bar','bar-data');
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$data->assign('bar','bar-data');
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    // assign variables to other data object scope
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// assign variables to other data object scope
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    $data2 = $smarty->createData($data);
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$data2 = $smarty->createData($data);
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    $data2->assign('bar','bar-data2');
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$data2->assign('bar','bar-data2');
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    // assign variable to template object scope
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// assign variable to template object scope
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    $tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl');
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$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl');
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    $tpl->assign('bar','bar-template');
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$tpl->assign('bar','bar-template');
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    // assign variable to template object scope with link to Smarty object
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// assign variable to template object scope with link to Smarty object
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    $tpl2 = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl',$smarty);
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$tpl2 = $smarty->createTemplate('index.tpl',$smarty);
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    $tpl2->assign('bar','bar-template2');
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$tpl2->assign('bar','bar-template2');
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    // This display() does see $foo='smarty' from the $smarty object
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// This display() does see $foo='smarty' from the $smarty object
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    $smarty->display('index.tpl');
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$smarty->display('index.tpl');
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    // This display() does see $foo='data' and $bar='bar-data' from the data object $data
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// This display() does see $foo='data' and $bar='bar-data' from the data object $data
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    $smarty->display('index.tpl',$data);
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$smarty->display('index.tpl',$data);
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    // This display() does see $foo='data' from the data object $data
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// This display() does see $foo='data' from the data object $data
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    // and $bar='bar-data2' from the data object $data2
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// and $bar='bar-data2' from the data object $data2
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    $smarty->display('index.tpl',$data2);
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$smarty->display('index.tpl',$data2);
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    // This display() does see $bar='bar-template' from the template object $tpl
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// This display() does see $bar='bar-template' from the template object $tpl
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    $tpl->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl);
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$tpl->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl);
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    // This display() does see $bar='bar-template2' from the template object $tpl2
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    // and $foo='smarty' form the Smarty object $foo
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// This display() does see $bar='bar-template2' from the template object $tpl2
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    $tpl2->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl2);
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// and $foo='smarty' form the Smarty object $foo
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$tpl2->display();  // or $smarty->display($tpl2);
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```