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-Tips & Tricks {#tips}
+# Tips & Tricks
-=============
-Blank Variable Handling {#tips.blank.var.handling}
-=======================
+## Blank Variable Handling
 There may be times when you want to print a default value for an empty
 variable instead of printing nothing, such as printing `&nbsp;` so that
 html table backgrounds work properly. Many would use an
-[`{if}`](#language.function.if) statement to handle this, but there is a
+[`{if}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md) statement to handle this, but there is a
 shorthand way with Smarty, using the
-[`default`](#language.modifier.default) variable modifier.
+[`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) variable modifier.
 > **Note**
 >
 > "Undefined variable" errors will show an E\_NOTICE if not disabled in
+> PHP's [`error_reporting()`](https://www.php.net/error_reporting) level or
-> PHP\'s [`error_reporting()`](&url.php-manual;error_reporting) level or
+> Smarty's [`$error_reporting`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-error-reporting.md) property and
-> Smarty\'s [`$error_reporting`](#variable.error.reporting) property and
+> a variable had not been assigned to Smarty.
 > a variable had not been assigned to Smarty.
 ```smarty
     {/if}
     {* the short way *}
     {$title|default:'&nbsp;'}
+```
-See also [`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier and [default
-variable handling](#tips.default.var.handling).
+See also [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier and [default
+variable handling](#default-variable-handling).
 Default Variable Handling {#tips.default.var.handling}
-=========================
+## Default Variable Handling
 If a variable is used frequently throughout your templates, applying the
-[`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier every time it is
+[`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier every time it is
 mentioned can get a bit ugly. You can remedy this by assigning the
 variable its default value with the
-[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) function.
+[`{assign}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) function.
-    {* do this somewhere at the top of your template *}
-    {assign var='title' value=$title|default:'no title'}
+    {* do this somewhere at the top of your template *}
     {assign var='title' value=$title|default:'no title'}
-    {* if $title was empty, it now contains the value "no title" when you use it *}
-    {$title}
+    {* if $title was empty, it now contains the value "no title" when you use it *}
     {$title}
 See also [`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier and [blank
-variable handling](#tips.blank.var.handling).
+See also [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md) modifier and [blank
+variable handling](#blank-variable-handling).
-Passing variable title to header template {#tips.passing.vars}
+## Passing variable title to header template
-=========================================
+When the majority of your templates use the same headers and footers, it
-When the majority of your templates use the same headers and footers, it
+is common to split those out into their own templates and
-is common to split those out into their own templates and
+[`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) them. But what if the header
-[`{include}`](#language.function.include) them. But what if the header
+needs to have a different title, depending on what page you are coming
+from? You can pass the title to the header as an
-needs to have a different title, depending on what page you are coming
+[attribute](../designers/language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md) when it is included.
-from? You can pass the title to the header as an
-[attribute](#language.syntax.attributes) when it is included.
+`mainpage.tpl` - When the main page is drawn, the title of "Main Page"
+is passed to the `header.tpl`, and will subsequently be used as the
+title.
 `mainpage.tpl` - When the main page is drawn, the title of "Main Page"
-is passed to the `header.tpl`, and will subsequently be used as the
+```smarty
 title.
+{include file='header.tpl' title='Main Page'}
+{* template body goes here *}
 {include file='footer.tpl'}
-    {include file='header.tpl' title='Main Page'}
-    {* template body goes here *}
+```
-    {include file='footer.tpl'}
+`archives.tpl` - When the archives page is drawn, the title will be
+"Archives". Notice in the archive example, we are using a variable from
 the `archives_page.conf` file instead of a hard coded variable.
 ```smarty
-`archives.tpl` - When the archives page is drawn, the title will be
+{config_load file='archive_page.conf'}
-"Archives". Notice in the archive example, we are using a variable from
-the `archives_page.conf` file instead of a hard coded variable.
 {include file='header.tpl' title=#archivePageTitle#}
+{* template body goes here *}
-    {config_load file='archive_page.conf'}
+{include file='footer.tpl'}
-    {include file='header.tpl' title=#archivePageTitle#}
+```
-    {* template body goes here *}
-    {include file='footer.tpl'}
+`header.tpl` - Notice that "Smarty News" is printed if the `$title`
 variable is not set, using the [`default`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.md)
+variable modifier.
+```smarty
-`header.tpl` - Notice that "Smarty News" is printed if the `$title`
-variable is not set, using the [`default`](#language.modifier.default)
-variable modifier.
+<html>
+    <head>
         <title>{$title|default:'Smarty News'}</title>
-    <html>
+    </head>
-    <head>
+<body>
-    <title>{$title|default:'Smarty News'}</title>
-    </head>
-    <body>
+```
+`footer.tpl`
-`footer.tpl`
+```smarty
     </body>
-    </body>
+</html>
     </html>
+```
+## Dates
-Dates {#tips.dates}
-=====
+As a rule of thumb, always pass dates to Smarty as
+[timestamps](https://www.php.net/time). This allows template designers to
-As a rule of thumb, always pass dates to Smarty as
+use the [`date_format`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md) modifier for
-[timestamps](&url.php-manual;time). This allows template designers to
+full control over date formatting, and also makes it easy to compare
-use the [`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format) modifier for
+dates if necessary.
-full control over date formatting, and also makes it easy to compare
-dates if necessary.
+```smarty
+{$startDate|date_format}
+```
-    {$startDate|date_format}
+This will output:
-This will output:
+```
+Jan 4, 2009
+```
-    Jan 4, 2009
+```smarty
+{$startDate|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
+```
-    {$startDate|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
 This will output:
+```
 /01/04
 ```
 Dates can be compared in the template by timestamps with:
 Dates can be compared in the template by timestamps with:
 ```smarty
-    {if $order_date < $invoice_date}
+{if $order_date < $invoice_date}
-       ...do something..
+   ...do something..
-    {/if}
+{/if}
+```
+When using [`{html_select_date}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md)
-When using [`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date)
+in a template, the programmer will most likely want to convert the
-in a template, the programmer will most likely want to convert the
+output from the form back into timestamp format. Here is a function to
-output from the form back into timestamp format. Here is a function to
+help you with that.
-help you with that.
+```php
-    <?php
+<?php
-    // this assumes your form elements are named
+// this assumes your form elements are named
-    // startDate_Day, startDate_Month, startDate_Year
+// startDate_Day, startDate_Month, startDate_Year
-    $startDate = makeTimeStamp($startDate_Year, $startDate_Month, $startDate_Day);
+$startDate = makeTimeStamp($startDate_Year, $startDate_Month, $startDate_Day);
-    function makeTimeStamp($year='', $month='', $day='')
+function makeTimeStamp($year='', $month='', $day='')
-    {
-       if(empty($year)) {
+{
-           $year = strftime('%Y');
+   if(empty($year)) {
+       $year = strftime('%Y');
-       }
+   }
-       if(empty($month)) {
+   if(empty($month)) {
-           $month = strftime('%m');
+       $month = strftime('%m');
-       }
+   }
-       if(empty($day)) {
+   if(empty($day)) {
-           $day = strftime('%d');
        $day = strftime('%d');
+   }
        return mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, $day, $year);
    return mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, $day, $year);
     ?>
+```
-See also [`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date),
+See also [`{html_select_date}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md),
-[`{html_select_time}`](#language.function.html.select.time),
+[`{html_select_time}`](../designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-time.md),
-[`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format) and
+[`date_format`](../designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.md) and
-[`$smarty.now`](#language.variables.smarty.now),
+[`$smarty.now`](../designers/language-variables/language-variables-smarty.md#smarty-now),
-Componentized Templates {#tips.componentized.templates}
+## Componentized Templates
 =======================
+Traditionally, programming templates into your applications goes as
-Traditionally, programming templates into your applications goes as
+follows: First, you accumulate your variables within your PHP

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