Subversion-Projekte lars-tiefland.laravel_shop

<?php

/*

 * This file is part of the Symfony package.

 *

 * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>

 *

 * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE

 * file that was distributed with this source code.

 */

namespace Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Session\Storage\Handler;

/**

 * Session handler using a PDO connection to read and write data.

 *

 * It works with MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and SQLite and implements

 * different locking strategies to handle concurrent access to the same session.

 * Locking is necessary to prevent loss of data due to race conditions and to keep

 * the session data consistent between read() and write(). With locking, requests

 * for the same session will wait until the other one finished writing. For this

 * reason it's best practice to close a session as early as possible to improve

 * concurrency. PHPs internal files session handler also implements locking.

 *

 * Attention: Since SQLite does not support row level locks but locks the whole database,

 * it means only one session can be accessed at a time. Even different sessions would wait

 * for another to finish. So saving session in SQLite should only be considered for

 * development or prototypes.

 *

 * Session data is a binary string that can contain non-printable characters like the null byte.

 * For this reason it must be saved in a binary column in the database like BLOB in MySQL.

 * Saving it in a character column could corrupt the data. You can use createTable()

 * to initialize a correctly defined table.

 *

 * @see https://php.net/sessionhandlerinterface

 *

 * @author Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>

 * @author Michael Williams <michael.williams@funsational.com>

 * @author Tobias Schultze <http://tobion.de>

 */

class PdoSessionHandler extends AbstractSessionHandler

{

    /**

     * No locking is done. This means sessions are prone to loss of data due to

     * race conditions of concurrent requests to the same session. The last session

     * write will win in this case. It might be useful when you implement your own

     * logic to deal with this like an optimistic approach.

     */

    public const LOCK_NONE = 0;

    /**

     * Creates an application-level lock on a session. The disadvantage is that the

     * lock is not enforced by the database and thus other, unaware parts of the

     * application could still concurrently modify the session. The advantage is it

     * does not require a transaction.

     * This mode is not available for SQLite and not yet implemented for oci and sqlsrv.

     */

    public const LOCK_ADVISORY = 1;

    /**

     * Issues a real row lock. Since it uses a transaction between opening and

     * closing a session, you have to be careful when you use same database connection

     * that you also use for your application logic. This mode is the default because

     * it's the only reliable solution across DBMSs.

     */

    public const LOCK_TRANSACTIONAL = 2;

    private \PDO $pdo;

    /**

     * DSN string or null for session.save_path or false when lazy connection disabled.

     */

    private string|false|null $dsn = false;

    private string $driver;

    private string $table = 'sessions';

    private string $idCol = 'sess_id';

    private string $dataCol = 'sess_data';

    private string $lifetimeCol = 'sess_lifetime';

    private string $timeCol = 'sess_time';

    /**

     * Time to live in seconds.

     */

    private int|\Closure|null $ttl;

    /**

     * Username when lazy-connect.

     */

    private string $username = '';

    /**

     * Password when lazy-connect.

     */

    private string $password = '';

    /**

     * Connection options when lazy-connect.

     */

    private array $connectionOptions = [];

    /**

     * The strategy for locking, see constants.

     */

    private int $lockMode = self::LOCK_TRANSACTIONAL;

    /**

     * It's an array to support multiple reads before closing which is manual, non-standard usage.

     *

     * @var \PDOStatement[] An array of statements to release advisory locks

     */

    private array $unlockStatements = [];

    /**

     * True when the current session exists but expired according to session.gc_maxlifetime.

     */

    private bool $sessionExpired = false;

    /**

     * Whether a transaction is active.

     */

    private bool $inTransaction = false;

    /**

     * Whether gc() has been called.

     */

    private bool $gcCalled = false;

    /**

     * You can either pass an existing database connection as PDO instance or

     * pass a DSN string that will be used to lazy-connect to the database

     * when the session is actually used. Furthermore it's possible to pass null

     * which will then use the session.save_path ini setting as PDO DSN parameter.

     *

     * List of available options:

     *  * db_table: The name of the table [default: sessions]

     *  * db_id_col: The column where to store the session id [default: sess_id]

     *  * db_data_col: The column where to store the session data [default: sess_data]

     *  * db_lifetime_col: The column where to store the lifetime [default: sess_lifetime]

     *  * db_time_col: The column where to store the timestamp [default: sess_time]

     *  * db_username: The username when lazy-connect [default: '']

     *  * db_password: The password when lazy-connect [default: '']

     *  * db_connection_options: An array of driver-specific connection options [default: []]

     *  * lock_mode: The strategy for locking, see constants [default: LOCK_TRANSACTIONAL]

     *  * ttl: The time to live in seconds.

     *

     * @param \PDO|string|null $pdoOrDsn A \PDO instance or DSN string or URL string or null

     *

     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException When PDO error mode is not PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION

     */

    public function __construct(\PDO|string $pdoOrDsn = null, array $options = [])

    {

        if ($pdoOrDsn instanceof \PDO) {

            if (\PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION !== $pdoOrDsn->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE)) {

                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('"%s" requires PDO error mode attribute be set to throw Exceptions (i.e. $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION)).', __CLASS__));

            }

            $this->pdo = $pdoOrDsn;

            $this->driver = $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME);

        } elseif (\is_string($pdoOrDsn) && str_contains($pdoOrDsn, '://')) {

            $this->dsn = $this->buildDsnFromUrl($pdoOrDsn);

        } else {

            $this->dsn = $pdoOrDsn;

        }

        $this->table = $options['db_table'] ?? $this->table;

        $this->idCol = $options['db_id_col'] ?? $this->idCol;

        $this->dataCol = $options['db_data_col'] ?? $this->dataCol;

        $this->lifetimeCol = $options['db_lifetime_col'] ?? $this->lifetimeCol;

        $this->timeCol = $options['db_time_col'] ?? $this->timeCol;

        $this->username = $options['db_username'] ?? $this->username;

        $this->password = $options['db_password'] ?? $this->password;

        $this->connectionOptions = $options['db_connection_options'] ?? $this->connectionOptions;

        $this->lockMode = $options['lock_mode'] ?? $this->lockMode;

        $this->ttl = $options['ttl'] ?? null;

    }

    /**

     * Creates the table to store sessions which can be called once for setup.

     *

     * Session ID is saved in a column of maximum length 128 because that is enough even

     * for a 512 bit configured session.hash_function like Whirlpool. Session data is

     * saved in a BLOB. One could also use a shorter inlined varbinary column

     * if one was sure the data fits into it.

     *

     * @throws \PDOException    When the table already exists

     * @throws \DomainException When an unsupported PDO driver is used

     */

    public function createTable()

    {

        // connect if we are not yet

        $this->getConnection();

        $sql = match ($this->driver) {

            // We use varbinary for the ID column because it prevents unwanted conversions:

            // - character set conversions between server and client

            // - trailing space removal

            // - case-insensitivity

            // - language processing like é == e

            'mysql' => "CREATE TABLE $this->table ($this->idCol VARBINARY(128) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, $this->dataCol BLOB NOT NULL, $this->lifetimeCol INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL, $this->timeCol INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin, ENGINE = InnoDB",

            'sqlite' => "CREATE TABLE $this->table ($this->idCol TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, $this->dataCol BLOB NOT NULL, $this->lifetimeCol INTEGER NOT NULL, $this->timeCol INTEGER NOT NULL)",

            'pgsql' => "CREATE TABLE $this->table ($this->idCol VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, $this->dataCol BYTEA NOT NULL, $this->lifetimeCol INTEGER NOT NULL, $this->timeCol INTEGER NOT NULL)",

            'oci' => "CREATE TABLE $this->table ($this->idCol VARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, $this->dataCol BLOB NOT NULL, $this->lifetimeCol INTEGER NOT NULL, $this->timeCol INTEGER NOT NULL)",

            'sqlsrv' => "CREATE TABLE $this->table ($this->idCol VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, $this->dataCol VARBINARY(MAX) NOT NULL, $this->lifetimeCol INTEGER NOT NULL, $this->timeCol INTEGER NOT NULL)",

            default => throw new \DomainException(sprintf('Creating the session table is currently not implemented for PDO driver "%s".', $this->driver)),

        };

        try {

            $this->pdo->exec($sql);

            $this->pdo->exec("CREATE INDEX expiry ON $this->table ($this->lifetimeCol)");

        } catch (\PDOException $e) {

            $this->rollback();

            throw $e;

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns true when the current session exists but expired according to session.gc_maxlifetime.

     *

     * Can be used to distinguish between a new session and one that expired due to inactivity.

     */

    public function isSessionExpired(): bool

    {

        return $this->sessionExpired;

    }

    public function open(string $savePath, string $sessionName): bool

    {

        $this->sessionExpired = false;

        if (!isset($this->pdo)) {

            $this->connect($this->dsn ?: $savePath);

        }

        return parent::open($savePath, $sessionName);

    }

    public function read(string $sessionId): string

    {

        try {

            return parent::read($sessionId);

        } catch (\PDOException $e) {

            $this->rollback();

            throw $e;

        }

    }

    public function gc(int $maxlifetime): int|false

    {

        // We delay gc() to close() so that it is executed outside the transactional and blocking read-write process.

        // This way, pruning expired sessions does not block them from being started while the current session is used.

        $this->gcCalled = true;

        return 0;

    }

    protected function doDestroy(string $sessionId): bool

    {

        // delete the record associated with this id

        $sql = "DELETE FROM $this->table WHERE $this->idCol = :id";

        try {

            $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);

            $stmt->bindParam(':id', $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

            $stmt->execute();

        } catch (\PDOException $e) {

            $this->rollback();

            throw $e;

        }

        return true;

    }

    protected function doWrite(string $sessionId, string $data): bool

    {

        $maxlifetime = (int) (($this->ttl instanceof \Closure ? ($this->ttl)() : $this->ttl) ?? \ini_get('session.gc_maxlifetime'));

        try {

            // We use a single MERGE SQL query when supported by the database.

            $mergeStmt = $this->getMergeStatement($sessionId, $data, $maxlifetime);

            if (null !== $mergeStmt) {

                $mergeStmt->execute();

                return true;

            }

            $updateStmt = $this->getUpdateStatement($sessionId, $data, $maxlifetime);

            $updateStmt->execute();

            // When MERGE is not supported, like in Postgres < 9.5, we have to use this approach that can result in

            // duplicate key errors when the same session is written simultaneously (given the LOCK_NONE behavior).

            // We can just catch such an error and re-execute the update. This is similar to a serializable

            // transaction with retry logic on serialization failures but without the overhead and without possible

            // false positives due to longer gap locking.

            if (!$updateStmt->rowCount()) {

                try {

                    $insertStmt = $this->getInsertStatement($sessionId, $data, $maxlifetime);

                    $insertStmt->execute();

                } catch (\PDOException $e) {

                    // Handle integrity violation SQLSTATE 23000 (or a subclass like 23505 in Postgres) for duplicate keys

                    if (str_starts_with($e->getCode(), '23')) {

                        $updateStmt->execute();

                    } else {

                        throw $e;

                    }

                }

            }

        } catch (\PDOException $e) {

            $this->rollback();

            throw $e;

        }

        return true;

    }

    public function updateTimestamp(string $sessionId, string $data): bool

    {

        $expiry = time() + (int) (($this->ttl instanceof \Closure ? ($this->ttl)() : $this->ttl) ?? \ini_get('session.gc_maxlifetime'));

        try {

            $updateStmt = $this->pdo->prepare(

                "UPDATE $this->table SET $this->lifetimeCol = :expiry, $this->timeCol = :time WHERE $this->idCol = :id"

            );

            $updateStmt->bindParam(':id', $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

            $updateStmt->bindParam(':expiry', $expiry, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

            $updateStmt->bindValue(':time', time(), \PDO::PARAM_INT);

            $updateStmt->execute();

        } catch (\PDOException $e) {

            $this->rollback();

            throw $e;

        }

        return true;

    }

    public function close(): bool

    {

        $this->commit();

        while ($unlockStmt = array_shift($this->unlockStatements)) {

            $unlockStmt->execute();

        }

        if ($this->gcCalled) {

            $this->gcCalled = false;

            // delete the session records that have expired

            $sql = "DELETE FROM $this->table WHERE $this->lifetimeCol < :time";

            $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);

            $stmt->bindValue(':time', time(), \PDO::PARAM_INT);

            $stmt->execute();

        }

        if (false !== $this->dsn) {

            unset($this->pdo, $this->driver); // only close lazy-connection

        }

        return true;

    }

    /**

     * Lazy-connects to the database.

     */

    private function connect(string $dsn): void

    {

        $this->pdo = new \PDO($dsn, $this->username, $this->password, $this->connectionOptions);

        $this->pdo->setAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

        $this->driver = $this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME);

    }

    /**

     * Builds a PDO DSN from a URL-like connection string.

     *

     * @todo implement missing support for oci DSN (which look totally different from other PDO ones)

     */

    private function buildDsnFromUrl(string $dsnOrUrl): string

    {

        // (pdo_)?sqlite3?:///... => (pdo_)?sqlite3?://localhost/... or else the URL will be invalid

        $url = preg_replace('#^((?:pdo_)?sqlite3?):///#', '$1://localhost/', $dsnOrUrl);

        $params = parse_url($url);

        if (false === $params) {

            return $dsnOrUrl; // If the URL is not valid, let's assume it might be a DSN already.

        }

        $params = array_map('rawurldecode', $params);

        // Override the default username and password. Values passed through options will still win over these in the constructor.

        if (isset($params['user'])) {

            $this->username = $params['user'];

        }

        if (isset($params['pass'])) {

            $this->password = $params['pass'];

        }

        if (!isset($params['scheme'])) {

            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('URLs without scheme are not supported to configure the PdoSessionHandler.');

        }

        $driverAliasMap = [

            'mssql' => 'sqlsrv',

            'mysql2' => 'mysql', // Amazon RDS, for some weird reason

            'postgres' => 'pgsql',

            'postgresql' => 'pgsql',

            'sqlite3' => 'sqlite',

        ];

        $driver = $driverAliasMap[$params['scheme']] ?? $params['scheme'];

        // Doctrine DBAL supports passing its internal pdo_* driver names directly too (allowing both dashes and underscores). This allows supporting the same here.

        if (str_starts_with($driver, 'pdo_') || str_starts_with($driver, 'pdo-')) {

            $driver = substr($driver, 4);

        }

        $dsn = null;

        switch ($driver) {

            case 'mysql':

                $dsn = 'mysql:';

                if ('' !== ($params['query'] ?? '')) {

                    $queryParams = [];

                    parse_str($params['query'], $queryParams);

                    if ('' !== ($queryParams['charset'] ?? '')) {

                        $dsn .= 'charset='.$queryParams['charset'].';';

                    }

                    if ('' !== ($queryParams['unix_socket'] ?? '')) {

                        $dsn .= 'unix_socket='.$queryParams['unix_socket'].';';

                        if (isset($params['path'])) {

                            $dbName = substr($params['path'], 1); // Remove the leading slash

                            $dsn .= 'dbname='.$dbName.';';

                        }

                        return $dsn;

                    }

                }

                // If "unix_socket" is not in the query, we continue with the same process as pgsql

                // no break

            case 'pgsql':

                $dsn ??= 'pgsql:';

                if (isset($params['host']) && '' !== $params['host']) {

                    $dsn .= 'host='.$params['host'].';';

                }

                if (isset($params['port']) && '' !== $params['port']) {

                    $dsn .= 'port='.$params['port'].';';

                }

                if (isset($params['path'])) {

                    $dbName = substr($params['path'], 1); // Remove the leading slash

                    $dsn .= 'dbname='.$dbName.';';

                }

                return $dsn;

            case 'sqlite':

                return 'sqlite:'.substr($params['path'], 1);

            case 'sqlsrv':

                $dsn = 'sqlsrv:server=';

                if (isset($params['host'])) {

                    $dsn .= $params['host'];

                }

                if (isset($params['port']) && '' !== $params['port']) {

                    $dsn .= ','.$params['port'];

                }

                if (isset($params['path'])) {

                    $dbName = substr($params['path'], 1); // Remove the leading slash

                    $dsn .= ';Database='.$dbName;

                }

                return $dsn;

            default:

                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('The scheme "%s" is not supported by the PdoSessionHandler URL configuration. Pass a PDO DSN directly.', $params['scheme']));

        }

    }

    /**

     * Helper method to begin a transaction.

     *

     * Since SQLite does not support row level locks, we have to acquire a reserved lock

     * on the database immediately. Because of https://bugs.php.net/42766 we have to create

     * such a transaction manually which also means we cannot use PDO::commit or

     * PDO::rollback or PDO::inTransaction for SQLite.

     *

     * Also MySQLs default isolation, REPEATABLE READ, causes deadlock for different sessions

     * due to https://percona.com/blog/2013/12/12/one-more-innodb-gap-lock-to-avoid/ .

     * So we change it to READ COMMITTED.

     */

    private function beginTransaction(): void

    {

        if (!$this->inTransaction) {

            if ('sqlite' === $this->driver) {

                $this->pdo->exec('BEGIN IMMEDIATE TRANSACTION');

            } else {

                if ('mysql' === $this->driver) {

                    $this->pdo->exec('SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED');

                }

                $this->pdo->beginTransaction();

            }

            $this->inTransaction = true;

        }

    }

    /**

     * Helper method to commit a transaction.

     */

    private function commit(): void

    {

        if ($this->inTransaction) {

            try {

                // commit read-write transaction which also releases the lock

                if ('sqlite' === $this->driver) {

                    $this->pdo->exec('COMMIT');

                } else {

                    $this->pdo->commit();

                }

                $this->inTransaction = false;

            } catch (\PDOException $e) {

                $this->rollback();

                throw $e;

            }

        }

    }

    /**

     * Helper method to rollback a transaction.

     */

    private function rollback(): void

    {

        // We only need to rollback if we are in a transaction. Otherwise the resulting

        // error would hide the real problem why rollback was called. We might not be

        // in a transaction when not using the transactional locking behavior or when

        // two callbacks (e.g. destroy and write) are invoked that both fail.

        if ($this->inTransaction) {

            if ('sqlite' === $this->driver) {

                $this->pdo->exec('ROLLBACK');

            } else {

                $this->pdo->rollBack();

            }

            $this->inTransaction = false;

        }

    }

    /**

     * Reads the session data in respect to the different locking strategies.

     *

     * We need to make sure we do not return session data that is already considered garbage according

     * to the session.gc_maxlifetime setting because gc() is called after read() and only sometimes.

     */

    protected function doRead(string $sessionId): string

    {

        if (self::LOCK_ADVISORY === $this->lockMode) {

            $this->unlockStatements[] = $this->doAdvisoryLock($sessionId);

        }

        $selectSql = $this->getSelectSql();

        $selectStmt = $this->pdo->prepare($selectSql);

        $selectStmt->bindParam(':id', $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

        $insertStmt = null;

        while (true) {

            $selectStmt->execute();

            $sessionRows = $selectStmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_NUM);

            if ($sessionRows) {

                $expiry = (int) $sessionRows[0][1];

                if ($expiry < time()) {

                    $this->sessionExpired = true;

                    return '';

                }

                return \is_resource($sessionRows[0][0]) ? stream_get_contents($sessionRows[0][0]) : $sessionRows[0][0];

            }

            if (null !== $insertStmt) {

                $this->rollback();

                throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to read session: INSERT reported a duplicate id but next SELECT did not return any data.');

            }

            if (!filter_var(\ini_get('session.use_strict_mode'), \FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOL) && self::LOCK_TRANSACTIONAL === $this->lockMode && 'sqlite' !== $this->driver) {

                // In strict mode, session fixation is not possible: new sessions always start with a unique

                // random id, so that concurrency is not possible and this code path can be skipped.

                // Exclusive-reading of non-existent rows does not block, so we need to do an insert to block

                // until other connections to the session are committed.

                try {

                    $insertStmt = $this->getInsertStatement($sessionId, '', 0);

                    $insertStmt->execute();

                } catch (\PDOException $e) {

                    // Catch duplicate key error because other connection created the session already.

                    // It would only not be the case when the other connection destroyed the session.

                    if (str_starts_with($e->getCode(), '23')) {

                        // Retrieve finished session data written by concurrent connection by restarting the loop.

                        // We have to start a new transaction as a failed query will mark the current transaction as

                        // aborted in PostgreSQL and disallow further queries within it.

                        $this->rollback();

                        $this->beginTransaction();

                        continue;

                    }

                    throw $e;

                }

            }

            return '';

        }

    }

    /**

     * Executes an application-level lock on the database.

     *

     * @return \PDOStatement The statement that needs to be executed later to release the lock

     *

     * @throws \DomainException When an unsupported PDO driver is used

     *

     * @todo implement missing advisory locks

     *       - for oci using DBMS_LOCK.REQUEST

     *       - for sqlsrv using sp_getapplock with LockOwner = Session

     */

    private function doAdvisoryLock(string $sessionId): \PDOStatement

    {

        switch ($this->driver) {

            case 'mysql':

                // MySQL 5.7.5 and later enforces a maximum length on lock names of 64 characters. Previously, no limit was enforced.

                $lockId = substr($sessionId, 0, 64);

                // should we handle the return value? 0 on timeout, null on error

                // we use a timeout of 50 seconds which is also the default for innodb_lock_wait_timeout

                $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare('SELECT GET_LOCK(:key, 50)');

                $stmt->bindValue(':key', $lockId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

                $stmt->execute();

                $releaseStmt = $this->pdo->prepare('DO RELEASE_LOCK(:key)');

                $releaseStmt->bindValue(':key', $lockId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

                return $releaseStmt;

            case 'pgsql':

                // Obtaining an exclusive session level advisory lock requires an integer key.

                // When session.sid_bits_per_character > 4, the session id can contain non-hex-characters.

                // So we cannot just use hexdec().

                if (4 === \PHP_INT_SIZE) {

                    $sessionInt1 = $this->convertStringToInt($sessionId);

                    $sessionInt2 = $this->convertStringToInt(substr($sessionId, 4, 4));

                    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare('SELECT pg_advisory_lock(:key1, :key2)');

                    $stmt->bindValue(':key1', $sessionInt1, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

                    $stmt->bindValue(':key2', $sessionInt2, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

                    $stmt->execute();

                    $releaseStmt = $this->pdo->prepare('SELECT pg_advisory_unlock(:key1, :key2)');

                    $releaseStmt->bindValue(':key1', $sessionInt1, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

                    $releaseStmt->bindValue(':key2', $sessionInt2, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

                } else {

                    $sessionBigInt = $this->convertStringToInt($sessionId);

                    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare('SELECT pg_advisory_lock(:key)');

                    $stmt->bindValue(':key', $sessionBigInt, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

                    $stmt->execute();

                    $releaseStmt = $this->pdo->prepare('SELECT pg_advisory_unlock(:key)');

                    $releaseStmt->bindValue(':key', $sessionBigInt, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

                }

                return $releaseStmt;

            case 'sqlite':

                throw new \DomainException('SQLite does not support advisory locks.');

            default:

                throw new \DomainException(sprintf('Advisory locks are currently not implemented for PDO driver "%s".', $this->driver));

        }

    }

    /**

     * Encodes the first 4 (when PHP_INT_SIZE == 4) or 8 characters of the string as an integer.

     *

     * Keep in mind, PHP integers are signed.

     */

    private function convertStringToInt(string $string): int

    {

        if (4 === \PHP_INT_SIZE) {

            return (\ord($string[3]) << 24) + (\ord($string[2]) << 16) + (\ord($string[1]) << 8) + \ord($string[0]);

        }

        $int1 = (\ord($string[7]) << 24) + (\ord($string[6]) << 16) + (\ord($string[5]) << 8) + \ord($string[4]);

        $int2 = (\ord($string[3]) << 24) + (\ord($string[2]) << 16) + (\ord($string[1]) << 8) + \ord($string[0]);

        return $int2 + ($int1 << 32);

    }

    /**

     * Return a locking or nonlocking SQL query to read session information.

     *

     * @throws \DomainException When an unsupported PDO driver is used

     */

    private function getSelectSql(): string

    {

        if (self::LOCK_TRANSACTIONAL === $this->lockMode) {

            $this->beginTransaction();

            switch ($this->driver) {

                case 'mysql':

                case 'oci':

                case 'pgsql':

                    return "SELECT $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol FROM $this->table WHERE $this->idCol = :id FOR UPDATE";

                case 'sqlsrv':

                    return "SELECT $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol FROM $this->table WITH (UPDLOCK, ROWLOCK) WHERE $this->idCol = :id";

                case 'sqlite':

                    // we already locked when starting transaction

                    break;

                default:

                    throw new \DomainException(sprintf('Transactional locks are currently not implemented for PDO driver "%s".', $this->driver));

            }

        }

        return "SELECT $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol FROM $this->table WHERE $this->idCol = :id";

    }

    /**

     * Returns an insert statement supported by the database for writing session data.

     */

    private function getInsertStatement(string $sessionId, string $sessionData, int $maxlifetime): \PDOStatement

    {

        switch ($this->driver) {

            case 'oci':

                $data = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');

                fwrite($data, $sessionData);

                rewind($data);

                $sql = "INSERT INTO $this->table ($this->idCol, $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol, $this->timeCol) VALUES (:id, EMPTY_BLOB(), :expiry, :time) RETURNING $this->dataCol into :data";

                break;

            default:

                $data = $sessionData;

                $sql = "INSERT INTO $this->table ($this->idCol, $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol, $this->timeCol) VALUES (:id, :data, :expiry, :time)";

                break;

        }

        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);

        $stmt->bindParam(':id', $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

        $stmt->bindParam(':data', $data, \PDO::PARAM_LOB);

        $stmt->bindValue(':expiry', time() + $maxlifetime, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

        $stmt->bindValue(':time', time(), \PDO::PARAM_INT);

        return $stmt;

    }

    /**

     * Returns an update statement supported by the database for writing session data.

     */

    private function getUpdateStatement(string $sessionId, string $sessionData, int $maxlifetime): \PDOStatement

    {

        switch ($this->driver) {

            case 'oci':

                $data = fopen('php://memory', 'r+');

                fwrite($data, $sessionData);

                rewind($data);

                $sql = "UPDATE $this->table SET $this->dataCol = EMPTY_BLOB(), $this->lifetimeCol = :expiry, $this->timeCol = :time WHERE $this->idCol = :id RETURNING $this->dataCol into :data";

                break;

            default:

                $data = $sessionData;

                $sql = "UPDATE $this->table SET $this->dataCol = :data, $this->lifetimeCol = :expiry, $this->timeCol = :time WHERE $this->idCol = :id";

                break;

        }

        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);

        $stmt->bindParam(':id', $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

        $stmt->bindParam(':data', $data, \PDO::PARAM_LOB);

        $stmt->bindValue(':expiry', time() + $maxlifetime, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

        $stmt->bindValue(':time', time(), \PDO::PARAM_INT);

        return $stmt;

    }

    /**

     * Returns a merge/upsert (i.e. insert or update) statement when supported by the database for writing session data.

     */

    private function getMergeStatement(string $sessionId, string $data, int $maxlifetime): ?\PDOStatement

    {

        switch (true) {

            case 'mysql' === $this->driver:

                $mergeSql = "INSERT INTO $this->table ($this->idCol, $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol, $this->timeCol) VALUES (:id, :data, :expiry, :time) ".

                    "ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE $this->dataCol = VALUES($this->dataCol), $this->lifetimeCol = VALUES($this->lifetimeCol), $this->timeCol = VALUES($this->timeCol)";

                break;

            case 'sqlsrv' === $this->driver && version_compare($this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION), '10', '>='):

                // MERGE is only available since SQL Server 2008 and must be terminated by semicolon

                // It also requires HOLDLOCK according to https://weblogs.sqlteam.com/dang/2009/01/31/upsert-race-condition-with-merge/

                $mergeSql = "MERGE INTO $this->table WITH (HOLDLOCK) USING (SELECT 1 AS dummy) AS src ON ($this->idCol = ?) ".

                    "WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ($this->idCol, $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol, $this->timeCol) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?) ".

                    "WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET $this->dataCol = ?, $this->lifetimeCol = ?, $this->timeCol = ?;";

                break;

            case 'sqlite' === $this->driver:

                $mergeSql = "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO $this->table ($this->idCol, $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol, $this->timeCol) VALUES (:id, :data, :expiry, :time)";

                break;

            case 'pgsql' === $this->driver && version_compare($this->pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION), '9.5', '>='):

                $mergeSql = "INSERT INTO $this->table ($this->idCol, $this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol, $this->timeCol) VALUES (:id, :data, :expiry, :time) ".

                    "ON CONFLICT ($this->idCol) DO UPDATE SET ($this->dataCol, $this->lifetimeCol, $this->timeCol) = (EXCLUDED.$this->dataCol, EXCLUDED.$this->lifetimeCol, EXCLUDED.$this->timeCol)";

                break;

            default:

                // MERGE is not supported with LOBs: https://oracle.com/technetwork/articles/fuecks-lobs-095315.html

                return null;

        }

        $mergeStmt = $this->pdo->prepare($mergeSql);

        if ('sqlsrv' === $this->driver) {

            $mergeStmt->bindParam(1, $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

            $mergeStmt->bindParam(2, $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

            $mergeStmt->bindParam(3, $data, \PDO::PARAM_LOB);

            $mergeStmt->bindValue(4, time() + $maxlifetime, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

            $mergeStmt->bindValue(5, time(), \PDO::PARAM_INT);

            $mergeStmt->bindParam(6, $data, \PDO::PARAM_LOB);

            $mergeStmt->bindValue(7, time() + $maxlifetime, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

            $mergeStmt->bindValue(8, time(), \PDO::PARAM_INT);

        } else {

            $mergeStmt->bindParam(':id', $sessionId, \PDO::PARAM_STR);

            $mergeStmt->bindParam(':data', $data, \PDO::PARAM_LOB);

            $mergeStmt->bindValue(':expiry', time() + $maxlifetime, \PDO::PARAM_INT);

            $mergeStmt->bindValue(':time', time(), \PDO::PARAM_INT);

        }

        return $mergeStmt;

    }

    /**

     * Return a PDO instance.

     */

    protected function getConnection(): \PDO

    {

        if (!isset($this->pdo)) {

            $this->connect($this->dsn ?: \ini_get('session.save_path'));

        }

        return $this->pdo;

    }

}