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.. index::
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    single: Cookbook; Default Mock Expectations
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Default Mock Expectations
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=========================
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Often in unit testing, we end up with sets of tests which use the same object
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dependency over and over again. Rather than mocking this class/object within
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every single unit test (requiring a mountain of duplicate code), we can
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instead define reusable default mocks within the test case's ``setup()``
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method. This even works where unit tests use varying expectations on the same
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or similar mock object.
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How this works, is that you can define mocks with default expectations. Then,
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in a later unit test, you can add or fine-tune expectations for that specific
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test. Any expectation can be set as a default using the ``byDefault()``
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declaration.